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6 Tips for the Best Sleep of Your Life

Sleep. You spend roughly a full third of your life asleep, and according to the Sleep Health Foundation, about a third of people have insomnia.

Even just mild sleep loss leads to impairments in cognitive performance, including attention, both working and longterm memory, as well as reasoning, and causes one to become more prone to error. (source)

Sleep deprivation increases cortisol, our main stress hormone that leads to fat gain, particularly around the midsection, and also causes muscle tissue to be broken down.

A lack of sleep impairs the functioning of leptin, a hormone that provides feelings of satiety and fullness, while improvements in sleep patterns leads to improvements in insulin sensitivity in adults.

Further, even just partial sleep deprivation increases body weight and the amount of food consumed – and this study was done with a group of rats that were bred to be obesity-resistant.

Long story short, a sleep deficit or even poor sleep quality impairs cognitive function, increases stress and leads to a bevy of metabolic issues. So…. Why aren’t more of us trying to maximize this time?

Article at a glance

Get on a set schedule and routine
Minimize blue light a few hours before bedtime
Use melatonin and a Bright Light to entrain your circadian rhythms
Avoid that evening night cap
Utilize yoga, meditation and breathing exercises to switch off “fight or flight” mode
Get by with a little help from your friends

Improving Sleep

Have a set sleep schedule and routine

“Good habits are worth being fanatical about.” – John Irving

Absolutely nothing has a bigger impact on how I feel the next day than the quality and quantity of sleep I get the night prior.

Having a healthy sleep schedule is one of the best ways to increase your energy levels, lose weight and generally feel amazing each day. As an experiment, try just one week of getting 8 or more hours of sleep each night and you will be amazed at how fantastic you feel. Once you realize how powerful a good night’s rest is, you will be much more inclined to improving your sleep patterns long term.

So what’s the main fix? Have a set sleep schedule and routine.

I know we all live hectic, crazy lives, but do your best to keep to a set schedule every night – no computers or tv after 8 or 9 to decrease blue light (we’ll get to this), gentle yoga and/or chamomile tea and a good book at 9 or 9:30, and in bed by 10 or 11.

Some people eat three meals a day, some two, and some (monks and the like) just one meal a day. Come meal time, whether it’s your one and only meal, or your third and final, your body will begin to get hungry – it’s conditioned to expect food at a certain time and at certain intervals. In the same manner, your body comes to expect sleep at a certain time and certain intervals. Having a set schedule and routine helps train your body to sleep when you want it to.

2. Minimize blue light a few hours before sleep

Did you know that staring at your phone, iPad, tv, laptop or computer screen has the ability to drastically impair your sleep quality, even if you are in bed at a reasonable hour?

Let’s talk a bit about human evolution and circadian rhythms – I’ll keep it short. For millions of years, humans had two phases of the day – the sun would rise, and there would be light, and then the sun would set, and there would be darkness.

And for millions of years prior to that, the animals and critters we evolved from experienced the same thing – light all day, and then darkness come sundown. Our bodies have evolved to have a certain amount of time in the daylight, and then a certain amount of time under the cool blanket of the nighttime during which we sleep. This is known as our circadian rhythm, and this diurnal pattern of light/dark controls our bodily processes in huge and profound ways.

Today, we have the option to have a fully lit environment, whether it’s day or night time, and many of us choose to stay up past sundown, bathing in all sorts of artificial light. As it turns out, this is not so great for our circadian rhythm.

Our circadian rhythm acts in large part via our body’s hormones – mainly cortisol to help us wake up in the morning and melatonin to help us fall asleep at night, but with many other bodily functions, chemicals and hormones coming into play.

Cortisol release according to circadian rhythm

Melatonin levels according to circadian rhythms

As you can see, cortisol is like our body’s natural caffeine, helping to wake us up, and melatonin is our body’s natural sleep aid, helping us to fall asleep.

The problem is that all forms of light, but especially blue light, the type emitted from tv screens, tablets, cell phones and computers, disrupts the body’s circadian rhythm and suppresses the release of melatonin.

The fix? Limit light use, especially blue light coming from tv’s, computers, tablets and smart phones, for two hours leading up to bed time. You can also download f.lux, a program that gradually tints your computer screen more and more orange as the sun begins to set, reducing the amount of blue light emitted. Or you can REALLY nerd out and impress your friends, family and coworkers with these blue-light blocking glasses…

3. Entrain your circadian rhythm

Your circadian rhythm is the collective term for the cycle of bodily processes that occur during a 24 hour period, but largely refers to our sleep/wake cycle. Having a healthy circadian rhythm is paramount to good health, low levels of fat, ample energy and proper mood.

There are a few tricks you can use to sync up your circadian rhythm to our natural sleep/wake cycle. The first is to take melatonin, anywhere from 1 to 3 mg, an hour before the time you’d like to be falling asleep. Do this for roughly a week, and then cease usage as melatonin is a hormone, and any time you take hormones, your body will decrease its own production of them. Melatonin is extremely safe and inexpensive, with 180 1 milligram tablets being just under 5 bucks.

Then, concurrently with melatonin usage, set an alarm for the time you’d like to wake up and immediately use a full-spectrum Bright Light, or simply get some sunlight when you wake up. To make a long story short, the retinohypothalamic tract is a highway of nerves connecting your eyes to the specific location in your brain responsible for your circadian rhythm, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Without proper stimulation of this region of the brain, coming from full spectrum light, your body does not get the full “time to wake up” messages it is supposed to.

The SCN receives input from specialized photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract… When the retina receives light, the vlSCN (ventrolateral SCN) relays this information throughout the SCN allowing entrainment, synchronization, of the person’s or animal’s daily rhythms to the 24-hour cycle in nature.

Full spectrum light from the sun or from a Bright Light stimulates this control center in your brain via the retinohypothalamic tract, but it requires full spectrum light – meaning that sunlight that is being filtered through any windows or sunglasses will not suffice, as these block certain wavelengths of UVB light.

With a Bright Light, simply turn it on within 3 feet of you, facing your body and face while you read the paper or check emails in the morning, for roughly 10 minutes. Keep it positioned on your right for half the time allotted, then switch it over to the left side. Likewise, simply sit outside in direct sunlight facing the sun (not staring into it) in the mornings.

The fix – Spend a week or two entraining your circadian rhythm by strategically using melatonin in the evenings and either a full-spectrum Bright Light or, preferably, full sun exposure. After a week or so, discontinue both and use only on an as-needed basis. A Bright Light also greatly helps with the condition of winter time blues, known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). It is advisable to also avoid over-use of sunglasses, as these impinge on the absorption of full spectrum light.

4. Avoid your evening indulgence in alcohol

Many people find that an evening drink or two helps them fall asleep faster, and while it may do just that, it actually hampers deep, restorative sleep as well.

It would be a safe bet to assume that the occasional one or two drinks before bed will do little harm, but that glass of scotch or nice Merlot every single night before sleep? I would say this is a no-no for those seeking to improve their sleep habits.

The Fix – Simply don’t have a night cap every single night before bed. If you do choose to imbibe, take 200 milligrams of L-theanine a half-hour before bed – it’s neuroprotective, helping protect your brain cells from the damaging effects of alcohol, helps the body break down alcohol more quickly, and helps promote deep sleep. L-theanine is an amino-acid like compound found in green tea, responsible for its focusing, calming effects.

5. Activate your parasympathetic nervous system via yoga, meditation and/or breathing exercises

Your autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating your body’s unconscious actions, is split into two groups – the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, from here out referred to as the SNS and PSNS, respectively. Your sympathetic nervous system is generally responsible for all “fight or flight” activities, while the PSNS is responsible for “rest and digest” activities, or bodily process that happen while at rest and not in immediate danger. Needless to say, if your body is in fight or flight mode, chances are you won’t be falling asleep.

You may have heard about a little thing plaguing the people of today – stress. Chronic stress is debilitating and keeps people in constant fight or flight mode. This leads to an overactive SNS, with very little activation of our calming PSNS. Luckily for us, there are more than a few ways to bring our nervous systems back into balance.

A 2015 study on basic yoga postures concluded that “Yoga practising group showed significant improvement in various cognitive functions, such as performance enhancement, neural activity, attention, and executive function. It also resulted in increase in the heart rate variability, parasympathetic nervous system activity, and balanced autonomic nervous system reactivity.” Yoga postures not only provide a noticeable cognitive boost but allowed more parasympathetic activity, as well as more balance and adaptability between sympathetic and parasympathetic modes. Sounds good to me.

A 2012 study on yoga concluded that “According to the proposed theory, the decreased PNS (parasympathetic nervous system) and GABAergic activity that underlies stress-related disorders can be corrected by yoga practices resulting in amelioration of disease symptoms. This has far-reaching implications for the integration of yoga-based practices in the treatment of broad array of disorders exacerbated by stress.” Another win for yoga.

Perfectly balanced SNS and PSNS may lead to levitation — A perfectly balanced SNS and PSNS may lead to levitation

Meditation helps bring the body’s nervous system back into balance as well. The 2015 study The Influence of Buddhist Meditation Traditions on the Autonomic System and Attention stated “we review new evidence that shows that types of meditation that developed out of certain traditions such as Vajrayana and Hindu Tantric lead to heightened sympathetic activation and phasic alertness, while types of meditation from other traditions such as Theravada and Mahayana elicit heightened parasympathetic activity and tonic alertness.” The majority of meditation practices available today are mainly those that activate the parasympathetic nervous system, and not the Tantric type that tone the sympathetic nervous system.

Furthermore, a 2016 study of a certain type of pranayama, or yogic breathing exercise, concluded that their study “showed that Bhr.P (Bhramari pranayama) practice produces relaxed state and in this state parasympathetic activity overrides the sympathetic activity.”

The 2013 study Assessment of the effects of pranayama/alternate nostril breathing on the parasympathetic nervous system in young adults concluded that “This study showed that the parasympathetic tone was enhanced appreciably in the participants. The observations of this study suggest that the yogic exercise of A.N.B. (alternate nostril breathing) influences the parasympathetic nervous system significantly.”

The Fix – Pick up a basic yoga and meditation practice. If you aren’t well versed in either, find a class near you, or pick up one of many DVDs to follow along with at home. Once you get the hang of it, you can formulate your own routine. For those curious, here is how to do alternate nostril breathing, as well as Bhramari pranayama.

6. Get by with a little help from your friends

Along with melatonin and L-theanine, a few other herbs and supplements can help you get a better nights rest.

Magnesium is a vital mineral that is essential for over 300 biochemical reactions within the body, but unfortunately most Americans are deficient, due to a poor diet and rapidly declining levels of magnesium in our soil. Magnesium acts not only within the brain to calm you down, but also throughout the entire body by helping to keep cortisol in check (source).

Try to eat foods high in magnesium, such as pumpkin seeds, dark leafy greens, and my personal favorite, 80-90% dark chocolate. It also wouldn’t hurt to have a magnesium supplement on hand, especially for those of us who live hectic, stressful lives, work out regularly, or drink alcohol regularly, as these all rapidly deplete magnesium. Try magnesium citrate, or if your budget allows, magnesium threonate, which is more readily used by the brain.

I’m almost never without a quality magnesium supplement, both because it is so crucial to good health and because I like to work hard and play hard. I would recommend that anyone experiencing sleep problems or anxiety should start by eating more magnesium rich foods and/or supplementing with a quality magnesium supplement. It’s always best to look towards fixing your diet first rather than supplementing.

Use calming herbs such as chamomile and valerian root. Chamomile acts upon both GABA and benzodiazepine receptors in the brain, helping you to relax and calm down, and is a gentle herb with a long history of safe use. Valerian root acts not only on GABA receptors but also upon adenosine receptors – these are the same receptors that caffeine binds to in the brain, but instead of blocking those receptors as caffeine would, valerian root activates them, helping one to fall asleep.

Chamomile tea is readily available, inexpensive and delicious, and valerian root capsules are easy to find as well.

Bonus Tip!

Keep a dream journal – By keeping a dream journal, you provide yourself an opportunity to peer into your own subconscious mind – over time, you’ll piece together many recurring habits, wishes, fears and desires. Keeping a dream journal has truly been one of the most insightful and interesting practices I’ve kept up with.

A dream which is not interpreted is like a letter which is not read. ~ The Talmud

The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind. ~ Sigmund Freud

What is a Bio-hack? Plus 3 Simple Hacks You Can Use Today

What is a bio-hack? For one thing, it’s a buzzword and one with no real clear cut definition. But for our purposes, a bio-hack is any method, technique or substance that one can use and apply that improves efficiency and a given output.

The concept of bio-hacking is all about adjusting and tweaking your own biochemistry, biomechanics or your outlooks and beliefs, in order to greatly improve a given outcome, whether it be enhanced focus, greater fat burning, faster learning, less anxiety, or any combination of things.

Bio-hacking can range from the very simple to the outrageously complex; from everything from swallowing a pill to hooking electrodes up to your brain in order achieve certain mental states; even using a bright light to beat depression and entrain circadian rhythms.

Here are some of my personal favorite forms of bio-hacking that you can start using right now to improve your performance.

Hack Focus with Caffeine + L-Theanine

This is hands down the easiest and most bang-for-your-buck bio-hack you can use, and one that has great potential to enhance your focus. It’s also the easiest way to get into the field of nootropics, or cognitive-enhancing substances.

We’re all familiar with that glorious little molecule called caffeine – it’s the world’s most used drug, helping us suffer through otherwise intolerable morning meetings, and improves both cognitive and physical performance.

The common protocol for many people is that they will sit down to work on their given project and slam 3 shots of espresso before hand to give them the energy to do so. What so often happens, however, is that 3 hours later, they’ve done a hell of a lot of texting, cruising through Facebook, and calling their Aunt Trisha, but have accomplished very little actual work. They had the energy, they had their materials right in front of them, but.. What happened?

This is where L-Theanine comes in. It’s an amino acid that is only found in the leaves of Camellia Sinensis, the plant that we get green and black tea from. Green tea has high levels of L-theanine, and it is what’s responsible for that calming, focusing effect from a good quality cup.

L-Theanine on it’s own is able to enhance focus, reduce anxiety and alleviate stress, and also has anti-depressant effects. A 2009 study concluded that L-theanine facilitated “longer-lasting processes responsible for sustaining attention across the timeframe of a difficult task”.

The real magic comes when L-theanine is paired with caffeine, however. The combination has neuro-protective effects, improves cognitive performance and increases alertness, and enhances the ability to switch between tasks and ignore distraction. It also enhances the activity of Alpha brainwaves, which correlate to a relaxed state with enhanced creativity.

A 2008 study states “In addition to improving RVIP (Rapid Visual Information Processing) accuracy and ‘mental fatigue’ ratings, the combination also led to faster simple reaction time, faster numeric working memory reaction time and improved sentence verification accuracy.” Groovy.

Most dosages use a 2:1 L-theanine to caffeine ratio – so 200 mg L-theanine to every 100 mg caffeine. You can buy caffeine + L-theanine in an encapsulated form that already come in this ratio off of Amazon, or buy straight L-theanine to mix with your caffeine of choice – I simply put some right in my morning coffee.

Build more muscle, become smarter and live longer using Saunas

Who would have thought that sitting in a hot box a few times a week could have such wide and varied benefits?

Use of “hyperthermic conditioning” contributes a wide array of benefits to those willing to sit in a sauna for 20-30 minutes a few times a week.

A big shout out to Dr. Rhonda Patrick for bringing a lot of this information into the limelight.

Benefits include –

enhanced muscle growth;
a strong release of Human Growth Hormone, a muscle-building, fat-burning, anti-aging hormone (a 16-fold increase in one study!);
improvements in insulin-sensitivity and glucose utilization (prevents fat gain and helps ward off diabetes);
improves resistance to stress by releasing heat shock proteins (this also just sounds cool);
increases longevity;
increases brain levels of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that promotes alertness, focus and attention;
helps to increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that promotes neurogenesis, enhances learning, and helps ameliorate depression.

Most gyms and health clubs have saunas that you can use, if that’s within your price range. And remember, more is not necessarily better. Make sure you are in good health before doing so, and drink plenty of mineral water before, during and after to rehydrate.

Hack motivation by optimizing Dopamine

Lovely, beautiful dopamine. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter most involved in feelings of pleasure, energy, drive and motivation. That buzz you get from a cup of coffee? Mainly from a combination of dopamine and norepinephrine. The feelings of pleasure involved in eating a nice meal when hungry, or engaging in sex? More dopamine. The sense of exhilaration and accomplishment when you finish a big project or hike a mountain? Dopamine, my friend.

The most over-used photo when it comes to neurons firing — The most over-used photo on the web when it comes to neurons firing

The unfortunate thing is, much of todays world is constructed to hack into your dopaminergic system, with the intent of being addictive. Facebook. Tv. Social media. Texting. Overly-palatable foods. Coffee, sugar, nicotine. All of these provide hits of dopamine.

And like moths to a flame, we are drawn repeatedly to things that give us any hit of dopamine we can get. Unfortunately, over time, the brain begins to rewire itself, a process called neuroplasticity – dopamine receptors desensitize, meaning we need more frequent and stronger hits of dopamine. Ultimately this leads to a brain that is dependent upon fast-paced and overly-stimulating experiences, leaving very little will power or drive to get the actual important things done.

Don’t believe me? Try going 3 days without any social media. Count how many times you unconsciously check your phone throughout the day. Eat a diet of plain foods with little to no salt or seasoning, and see how you suffer. Give up sugar, coffee, nicotine and/or alcohol for 2 weeks. Tell me if you aren’t just slightly irked after a few hours of any of the above.

So whats the fix? Reclaim your will power by reclaiming your brain.

First, cut back on any and all repetitive, highly-stimulating and meaningless input. This means overly-palatable junk foods, incessant web browsing, social media, constant texting, excessive coffee and alcohol, or games like Candy Crush or swiping through Tinder. Stop gossiping so much. Try to limit social media to ten minutes in the morning and ten minutes in the evening, and thats it. Give up social media for an entire day, then the next week, for two. These are very minor tweaks, but ones that if held to over time, provide huge benefits.

Second, actively train your focus, attention and motivation. There are many ways to do so –

Set goals each day, and just get them done. Do the worst ones first. Best of all, you’ll get a hit of dopamine each time you complete and cross that goal off your list. This will train your brain to seek its rewards by getting productive stuff done, not from seeing how many likes you got on that post about cats. Read up on decision fatigue – the more often you have to choose between two things, whether it’s what clothes you’re going to wear or how you’re going to spend your time, the more you drain your willpower.
Practice meditation – one study’s results suggest that “meditation produces long-term increases in the efficiency of the executive attentional network“. This means being able to direct your attention where you want it to go – towards being a boss and getting stuff done. Remember the concept of neuroplasticity – “neurons that fire together, wire together”. This will change the wiring of your brain for the better, and will make accomplishing goals second nature.
Embrace the Indian concept of Tapas – one of the branches in the traditional system of Raja (Royal) Yoga is that of the Niyamas, which are beneficial habits, behaviors and observances – one of which is the concept of Tapas. As I’ve posted before, Tapas is the friction and heat created by spiritual practices that burn away negative qualities of the mind. I’m all for spiritual enlightenment, but you can use the concept of Tapas to improve your motivation as well – long story short, learn to embrace and even welcome the uncomfortable into your life. Your muscles won’t grow unless you stress them. You won’t learn a new language without being completely confused at first. You’ll never get a date without overcoming those butterflies in your stomach. Eleanor Roosevelt was quoted as saying, “Do one thing every day that scares you.” I’d like to modify that to, “Do one thing every day that gets you out of your comfort zone,” and preferably towards something productive. Feel that uncomfortableness and just plow through it.

Finally, there are always a few supplements that can help out as well.

The first is an herb called gynostemma, and comes with a multitude of benefits – being a superb antioxidant, an immune booster, a strong adaptogen and a regenerator of dopaminergic neurons. I enjoy it in tea form, though it is available encapsulated as well.
Inositol is able to actually increase dopamine receptors within certain areas of the brain – the more receptors available, the more effective dopamine is, the more you’re able to get done and experience pleasure. I would go ahead and buy bulk powder, as it has a pleasantly sweet taste.
Lastly, supplementing with the precursor to dopamine itself will improve motivation – stick to DL-Phenylalanine, which is also a precursor to endorphins (natural feel-good molecules), and which should provide a nice boost in mood and motivation.

In Conclusion, bio-hacking is a relatively simple concept, one of hacking into your own biology in order to achieve a given result. There are plenty more options out there, suited to a huge variety of needs and goals. And as always, feel free to contact me to learn more ways to enhance cognition, de-stress, burn fat faster and beat depression and anxiety.

Increasing Shen – How to Enhance Learning, Beat Depression, and Chill Out

Within Traditional Chinese Medicine lies a fundamental and unique concept, that of the Three Treasures. The Three Treasures lay at the foundation of how TCM works – build up your Jing energy for a long life and strong resilience; improve your Qi so as to have plenty of day to day energy; and enhance and build up your Shen energy, that faculty of mind that leads to wisdom, peace and tranquility.

We already discussed one of them, Jing, in some detail, but what I want to focus on today is Shen, that faculty of your higher mind. Shen can be defined in many ways, but is commonly described as being the seat of the higher mind, your spirit, consciousness, and the domain of thought, memory and emotion. To have strong Shen is to be mentally quick, happy, joyful, and content, and to not be forgetful, lethargic, depressed, angry or anxious.

What I find really interesting about things like Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda, the equivalent Indian system of healthcare, is how they are able to understand all the effects a substance is having on the body, without ever being able to isolate certain compounds or measure acute changes within a person’s biochemistry.

Luckily for us today, we are able to accomplish this and measure all the minutia within a substance and the subsequent changes occurring in our body. This is where the rubber meets the road, so to speak.

Reishi Mushroom

Reishi is the star of the show when it comes to Shen substances, and in fact is the number 1 ranked herb out of 365 medicinal substances within TCM. First described over 2,400 years ago, it was said of Reishi that “if eaten customarily, it makes your body light and young, lengthens your life and turns you into one like the immortal who never dies.”

Of red Reishi, it was said that “it is good for the Qi (functional activities) of the heart including mental activities, it tonifies the Spleen, increases wisdom, improves memory so that you won’t forget, long-term consumption will lighten your body, you will never become old, it lengthens years, it has spiritual power, and it develops Shen so that you become a ‘spirit-being’ like the immortals.”

That’s some lofty descriptions of a mushroom, I’d say.

So I dug deeper. On PubMed alone, there are 1,195 studies on Ganoderma Lucidum, and that’s just one strain of reishi mushroom. And while it has proven benefits on everything from the liver, to the immune system to allergies, we’re here to focus on its possible Shen-enhancing effects.

Reishi mushroom has BDNF- and NGF-like effects within the brain. Both BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and NGF (nerve-growth factor) promote the growth of new brain cells, enhance synaptic connections between existing neurons, and serve to protect neurons from damage. Both BDNF and NGF enhance learning and memory. Further, many studies show a link between low levels of BDNF and depression.

So from Reishi’s BDNF- and NGF-like effects alone, it’s able to help with depression, memory, and learning, as well as help prevent damage to the brain from stress, drugs or alcohol, and help ward off cognitive decline as we age. Not bad.

A simple hot-water extract of reishi exhibited anti-depressant effects in mice, as well as helped to prevent freezing up in the face of fear, and pretreatment of a hot water extract proved to be neuroprotective.

All in all, I’d say reishi mushroom fits the bill of a Shen-enhancing substance, and remember, this is all in addition to proven anti-cancer, anti-allergy, liver-protective and immune-enhancing benefits. I’ve used plenty of reishi products over the years – I suggest getting a liquid dual-extracted tincture, so that you get both the water- and the alcohol-soluble components, as they all have different functions in the body. You can also get a powdered extract that contains reishi mushroom spores – these spores have the same effects as the alcohol-soluble constituents, but are hundreds of times more potent.

When it comes to Reishi supplements, you really get what you pay for. Dragon Herbs carries some really interesting Reishi products, all of which are also concentrated to be even more potent –

they have a dual-extracted Purple Reishi, as the purple variety is said to have the most Shen energy;
a dual liquid extract of 22 different varieties of reishi, which I promise you can not find anywhere else;
a Wild Reishi dual-extracted tincture – this is cool because wild herbs are almost always more potent than those grown by humans, but are much more difficult to collect;
as well as an extremely potent bottle of Reishi Spore Oil – if anyone really likes my website, feel free to buy me some of this, as it is not cheap.

Count the Reishis — A Chinese painting honoring Reishi mushroom

Polygala

Polygala is another premier Shen-enhancing herb. It has sometimes traditionally been called the “Will Strengthener“, helping both spiritual practitioners and common folk alike increase their will power. What biological effects this herb would have to have upon the body to increase will power, alas, I do not know.

It’s also traditionally been said to be able to connect the sexual energy of the reproductive system with that of loving, altruistic energy of the heart. As such, polygala has been used as one of the premier Shen-enhancing herbs used throughout the ages. Does it hold up to Western scientific scrutiny?

One 2009 study concluded that treatment with polygala led to improved memory and learning, and even ameliorated some of the deleterious effects of the amnesia-producing drug scopolamine. The authors noted that “the expression of BDNF was also greatly enhanced in the hippocampus.”

A 2014 study found strong anti-depressant effects, noting that the main constituent studied, Yuanzhi-1, had a stronger affinity to dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine receptors in the brain than a commonly prescribed pharmaceutical anti-depressant. This means it improves depression through 3 distinct pathways more effectively than a drug approved by the FDA, without side effects.

Do you often have trouble finding motivation to get things done, even if they are activities that should excite you? Another 2014 study found that polygala administration not only had “rapid-onset anti-depressant” effects, but also that it helped reverse anhedonia, the scientific term for having a lack of motivation for, and lack of pleasure in, common every day activities.

Polygala is neuroprotective; enhances memory; attenuates beta-amyloid plaque build up (one of the main factors in Alzheimer’s disease) and promotes neurite growth; and also improves synaptic transmission, or the ability of cells within the brain to communicate effectively.

Polygala is a bit harder to find than reishi mushroom, but don’t despair – Dragon Herbs offers a very nice product I’ve used in the past called Will Power. Polygala is the main herb used, but the product also has a number of other Shen-enhancing herbs.

If you’re looking for straight polygala, you can buy 100 grams of a 5:1 extract here, which is the product I’m currently using. I gotta say, things have been looking bright since I started taking it.

In conclusion, it seems those ancient Chinese sages were on to something when it comes to “Shen” substances that improve emotions and enhance the intellect. There are plenty of other Shen herbs out there as well – pearl and dragon bone, which have Shen-grounding effects, albizzia flower, which is one of the most uplifting herbs I’ve ever used, spirit poria, and more – I’ll try to have more info up soon about some of these herbs.

For now, get your hands on some reishi and polygala, and let me know what you think in the comments below. And don’t forget to contact me if you’re interested in learning how to take a multi-targeted approach to beating depression and anxiety, or how to enhance learning, memory and mental acuity.

Hangover Prevention 101

New Year’s Eve is just around the corner, and with it comes for many folks an abundance of booze. Don’t be bedridden your first day of the new year – practice some damage control with this hangover prevention guide.

Note – this is NOT a green light or go-ahead to consume huge amounts of booze, or an excuse to consume booze regularly. Nothing in here prevents you from getting drunk, nor does it prevent or treat alcoholism – if you have a problem, go see a doctor. Above all else, drink responsibly – don’t drink and drive.

Look at this guide in two ways – there’s the “basic hangover prevention” protocol which entails only the first two steps, food/hydration and using antioxidants. This is the bare minimum and will work wonders for those who don’t drink too much, too often – if that’s you, then that’s all you need.

It will also work wonders in preventing hangovers for those who drink more heavily, but those who do should definitely consider some extra supplements to help combat the long term damage alcohol does to the body and brain.

Part 1 – The Night Of

1. Eat a good meal prior, and hydrate frequently

I remember vividly one night in Montreal a few summers back. It was the last night on a two week trip I took with my dad, complete with hiking Mt. Washington, seeing the Bay of Fundy, and experiencing some insane live music in Montreal.

We went out to celebrate – we managed to score a reservation at one of the best restaurants in town, Au Pied de Cochon, where we ate lavishly.

A dish of bone marrow topped with caviar - my $40 appetizer. — A dish of bone marrow topped with caviar – my $40 appetizer.

With britches loosened, I then did what any warm-blooded 20-something would do on his last night in a foreign city – try his hardest to get very drunk.

Something very odd happened that night, however. Despite trying to get drunk, and taking no antioxidants or other prophylactics, I simply never made it passed tipsy. Pretty tipsy, mind you, but never drunk, and when I awoke the next morning, I was simply a bit sleepy. And granted, this wasn’t just youth on my side – I’d had more than my fair share of vicious hangovers at this age.

Two things contributed to this – one, I ate a huge amount of food for dinner, and being French food, it was rich and high in fat.

Two, as my dad had reminded me ever since I reached the legal drinking age, I drank one glass of water per alcoholic drink – mainly because he was physically there to remind me.

Lesson learned – eat a big, rich meal, and drink a ton of water, at least one glass per alcoholic beverage, to help ward off a hangover.

Bonus tip – drink clear liquors. Clear liquors contain the least amount of congeners, by products of the fermentation process that worsen hangover symptoms.

2. Use quality antioxidants

One of the most effective ways to prevent hangovers is to prevent the actual damage done to your body from drinking alcohol. The best way to do this? Antioxidants, specifically ones that protect your liver and brain, the two organs that receive the brunt of the damage. It’s important to choose antioxidants that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, a highly selective barrier made up of brain cells that only allow certain nutrients into the brain.

Astaxanthin is an extremely powerful antioxidant that is proven to cross the blood-brain barrier, and in one study was able to prevent damage done to the brains of rats by up to 40%. I personally use 4 mg of astaxanthin per 2-3 drinks. 12 mg pills are also available for the bacchanalians out there.

I personally also add 400 mg of Coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ-10) per 2-3 drinks as well, another powerful antioxidant that is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. If tight on cash or just plain lazy, stick to astaxanthin.

Out of all the antioxidants I’ve tried, these are the only two that reliably spare me from head-splitting migraines the day after.

For the liver, I highly suggest using N-Acetyl Cysteine and a high quality Milk Thistle extract, prior to drinking. Both are dirt cheap and work wonders to prevent damage done to the liver from excess alcohol consumption, as well as speed up the rate at which the body is able to breakdown alcohol.

This product contains both N-Acetyl Cysteine and milk thistle, as well as some other liver-protecting goodies, for just 20 dollars.

LifeExtension offers an all-in-one product that contains both antioxidants and liver supporting substances. This is a great pick for anyone who imbibes just occasionally, but for the regular weekend warriors out there, it’s both more economical and more effective to stock up on the items listed above.

You can opt to finish the night off with 200 to 400 mg of L-theanine, a calming and neuroprotective amino acid derived from green tea that not only helps your body to break down alcohol more quickly, but helps to deepen your sleep, allowing you to recover better from your binge. This is critical as alcohol worsens the deepest stage of sleep, REM sleep, in which dreams occur, memories are formed and learning is solidified.

3. Replenish what you’ve lost

Alcohol is one hell of a draining substance, and depletes your body of numerous essential vitamins and minerals.

The easiest way to replenish what you’ve lost from boozing is to at least pop some high-octane multivitamins. Add probiotics and a greens drink if you have the money.

A multivitamin such as LifeExtensions Two Per Day capsules is a quick and easy way to replenish most vitamins and minerals that are depleted from excessive drinking. Consume 2-3 pills before, during or after drinking.

For additional support, I would add a quality greens powder the same night after drinking. My top picks are Vitamineral Green and Green Vibrance – both are insanely nutrient-dense green powders, and both pack huge doses of probiotics. However, both are also expensive, and rightfully so.

For those on a budget (myself included), take 6-12 tablets of chlorella, which is both a strong detoxifier and packed with nutrients and antioxidants, along with 1-2 probiotic capsules. Both products are quite affordable and help to further replenish nutrients and probiotics that are depleted or killed off by excessive alcohol intake. Consume with coconut water – see part two.

4. Additional support

Adaptogens are any number of substances that help to normalize the functions of the body, increase energy and prevent stress. Would they be any help in keeping you sharp the day after a few libations?

Turns out Siberian ginseng is able to prevent hangover symptoms. According to this study, the authors concluded that “… PEA (Siberian ginseng) may have potential to reduce the severity of the alcohol hangover by inhibiting the alcohol-induced hypoglycemia and inflammatory response.”

Here is a strong and very affordable Siberian ginseng extract – each 400 mg pill is the equivalent to 11 grams of the un-extracted, raw herb – all for just $14.

Red Chinese ginseng is also able to help prevent hangovers and reduce damage from alcohol. This study concluded that ginseng “showed positive effects on hangover symptoms. Considering the reduction of plasma alcohol levels, expiratory concentrations, and hangover severity, we conclude that red ginseng relieves the symptoms of alcohol hangover.”

Unfortunately, with Chinese ginseng you get what you pay for, and cheap versions found at CVS or Walmart aren’t going to do much. I personally use either Dragon Herbs’ Ginseng Sublime, or if money is tight, their more affordable but still high quality House Ginseng. Again, these items aren’t necessary, but do help.

Part 2 – The Morning After

1. Hydration in the form of coconut water

Lots of electrolytes are lost when you drink. Alcohol also slows the production of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which causes you to lose water through urination – the real reason behind the whole “breaking the seal” concept.

When you stop drinking, your body goes on to over-produce ADH in a rebound-type effect. This causes water retention, leading to puffy hands, feet and face, as well as a headache as your blood pressure increases. Your body also over-produces a hormone called vasopressin, which causes your body to retain sodium and lose potassium.

Drinking coconut water, which is extremely high in potassium, helps to lower blood pressure, rehydrate and prevent the excessive retention of water. I’m a huge fan of dehydrated coconut water – it’s cheaper, lighter and takes up less space, while providing all the benefits of liquid coconut water. Consume at least two tablespoons worth in a big glass of water.

Add two to three teaspoons of Natural Calm magnesium citrate to further replenish lost minerals and electrolytes, and reduce the inflammation caused by alcohol.

2. Caffeine

Lets face it, a cup of joe is just what the doctor ordered after a long night. Combine with L-theanine for less jittery side-effects and enhanced focus.

3. Nootropics

Nootropics (new-trope-icks) are a class of substances that act to increase cognitive function, and are commonly referred to as “smart drugs” – they’re great for students, for desk jockeys, for musicians, athletes, busy moms, hell, just about everyone. CEO’s of million dollar companies and Silicon Valley startups rely heavily on nootropics, as do professional level gamers. I’ve personally noticed a huge improvement in performance, focus and productivity, as well as improvements in mood and a decrease in stress from perfecting my nootropic use.

However, they’re also a tricky bunch – what works great for one person may not do much for another. There’s a great variety of nootropics out there as well, each one aimed at enhancing a specific area of cognitive function – memory, motivation, creativity, reaction time, energy, etc.

For this reason, your best bet is to contact me so you can quickly sort through which ones would be right for you, and avoid spending money on those that many in the community consider to be duds.

4. Optional – more antioxidants, liver cleansers and multivitamins

It depends on how much you drank and how bad you feel, but it never hurts to double up on antioxidants and vitamins, especially if you drunkenly forgot the night before. More greens powder or chlorella helps as well.

Party on, Garth!

So remember – at it’s most basic, you can simply eat a good dinner, stay hydrated, and take some antioxidants before and during drinking. This alone does wonders.

To take it up one more notch, add a high quality multivitamin and coconut water to rehydrate. Astaxanthin, NAC/milk thistle plus a quality multi will run you 20 to 30 bucks for multiple month’s worth of supply.

Everything beyond that is very helpful, but not necessary if you’re not regularly consuming multiple drinks per night.

5 Simple Tips to Stay Trim During the Holidays

Let’s admit it – the holidays are a terrible time for weight loss, between all the parties, the rich dinners and the holiday treats.

Lucky for you, there are some simple strategies you can use to help keep some of the extra pounds off this holiday season.

1. Workout before a big meal or party

Do you ever feel guilty after eating a ton of junk food at a holiday party, or after a big holiday meal? The truth is, you don’t have to. In fact, strategic gorging on food, even somewhat unhealthy food, can help you build muscle and lose weight.

The best way to do this is by eating healthy during the rest of the week, and when the day of the party arrives, make sure to get a strenuous workout in right before the party. This makes muscle tissue more sensitive to the hormone insulin, while simultaneously making fat cells less sensitive to insulin. This means that the food you consume immediately after a strenuous workout is preferentially used to build and repair muscle tissue, and less likely to be stored away as fat.

Bonus tip – consume a casein protein shake with chia seeds right after the workout and prior to the party. Casein is a type of protein that is very slow digesting, helping to curb hunger. Chia seeds absorb moisture and expand in the stomach, also helping to create a feeling of fullness. The net result is less food consumed at the party without feeling like you’re depriving yourself. If you’re a vegan or sensitive to dairy products, use a quality hemp protein powder.

2. Drink Smart

Choose your holiday libations wisely. The higher in sugar your alcoholic drink is, the more likely you are to put on the weight.

Worst offenders – spiked eggnog, beer, sweet wines and sugary mixed drinks.

White Russians are unadvisable as well. — White Russians would be unadvisable as well.

Middle of the road – Dry white and red wines, and low sugar cocktails (think a martini)

Best bets – clear liquors with soda water and a lime/lemon. Think a vodka and soda, gin and soda, etc. Straight liquors, liquors on the rocks, as well as watered down liquors are great options too, such as a bourbon and water or a bourbon neat.

Bonus Tip – Use a good antioxidant to help prevent hangovers. My favorites for this purpose are astaxanthin and CoQ-10, 4 mg and 400 mg per every 2-3 drinks, respectively. Both of these are powerful antioxidants that make it to the brain to help mitigate some of the damage caused by alcohol consumption.

You can also use L-Theanine at the end of the night to speed up the rate the body breaks down alcohol, and promote a deeper sleep. And remember to hydrate!

3. Keep your stress levels down

I personally find holiday shopping to be the bane of my existence. Holiday shopping can be pretty stressful, and unfortunately all that extra stress leads to weight gain.

Excess stress makes you gain weight due to a hormone called cortisol. Cortisol has many necessary functions within the body – however, when your body releases cortisol in excess in response to stress, your body begins to store extra fat, especially around the midsection.

Good thing there are a few ways to help keep excess cortisol in check.

Ashwagandha – Ashwagandha is one of the best ways to reduce stress and lower cortisol, and it’s easy as just popping a few pills. This 2012 study showed that

“Ashwagandha root extract exhibited a significant reduction in scores on all the stress-assessment scales on Day 60, relative to the placebo group. The serum cortisol levels were substantially reduced in the Ashwagandha group, relative to the placebo group.”

Ashwagandha also increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which helps protect brain cells, helps the brain make new connections between neurons (leading to faster learning and better memory retention), and is also a potent anti-depressant. Add to this the fact ashwagandha improves thyroid functioning, which is one of the main endocrine glands in charge of your metabolism, and is an aphrodisiac, and you have one hell of an herb. This patented, full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha is only $14.

Yoga has been proven time and again to be a very effective way to reduce stress. This study shows that it was more effective than medication in both reducing cortisol and in its antidepressant effects – and it’s free.

Phosphatidylserine is another natural supplement that is proven to reduce cortisol, though is a bit more expensive than ashwagandha.

4. Don’t eat or drink 2-3 hours before bed time

Did you know that you can burn fat while you sleep? Keep your dinner light, low in carbs and make sure to have it 2-3 hours before your normal bedtime.

Leptin is a hunger-suppressing, fat-burning hormone that is naturally released sometime around sunset. However, leptin won’t be released if there is insulin in the bloodstream, and insulin is released in response to food intake, especially carbs. This is why dinner should be light, early and low in carbs, to make sure insulin has cleared the bloodstream in time for leptin to be released.

Insulin also hampers the release of another fat-burning hormone called adiponectin, released soon after sunset. Then around midnight, leptin enters a region of the brain that signals for the body to start burning fat for energy and to increase thyroid output – but only if insulin hasn’t been hanging around.

Bonus tip – keep breakfast low in carbs too. Cortisol is highest in the morning, which acts like a natural caffeine to help us wake up. But don’t forget that cortisol is also a powerful fat-storing hormone as well.

Because cortisol increases fat storage, it’s best to make your breakfast low in carbs, instead having a healthy mix of protein, low-carb, high-fiber veggies/fruits, and with a small to moderate amount of fat.

Think an omelet with onions, mushrooms and peppers, a smoothie with berries, chia seeds, protein powder and unsweetened almond milk, or even a breakfast salad.

5. Lose weight with just 4 minutes per day

Anything that promises weight loss within such a short period of time is usually a massive red flag that it’s a complete marketing gimmick. For once, this appears to not be the case.

Tabata training is method of high intensity interval training (HIIT) that is completed in just four minutes.

How can only a four minute workout improve fitness and help you lose weight? To sum it up in one sentence – It’s a bitch.

Tabata involves eight rounds of 20 seconds of all-out effort exercise with 10 seconds rest. The key word here is all-out effort – if at the end of the eight rounds you feel you could do more, you weren’t going hard enough.

What would this look like in the gym? Hop on a stationary bike, and spend a few minutes getting warmed up. After five minutes or so, go all-out sprinting on the bike for 20 seconds. Then pedal lightly for 10 seconds, followed by another all-out sprint for 20 seconds, and then 10 seconds of light pedaling. That’s one minute, and two rounds.

At this point, if you’re new to this type of training, take a minute’s rest. Then do another two rounds of 20 seconds on, 10 seconds off, followed by another minute’s rest. Complete only 8 rounds, for a total of four minutes of active exercise.

If you’re in really good shape or have already been doing this protocol for a few weeks, feel free to try to go the whole four minutes without any minute long breaks.
As you can tell from the graph above from the original study, the group that did 6 weeks of hour long endurance training hardly improved in anaerobic capacity, while the Tabata interval training group improved drastically – with only 4 minutes of active work each day.

I don’t suggest Tabata training to be your only method of exercise, but during the busy holiday season, it’s a great way to squeeze in a workout when you otherwise wouldn’t be able to.

Looking for other ways to lose weight?

Contact me.

Cistanche – One of the Most Versatile Jing Herbs in all of TCM

Which would you rather have? More beautiful skin, more energy, better cognitive abilities or (drum roll please) a stronger libido?

If you answered all of the above, Cistanche is the herb for you.

I’ve been wanting to do a post on Cistanche for a while now. Cistanche is considered a Jing-enhancing substance within Traditional Chinese Medicine. To enhance Jing means to delay aging, improve fertility, enhance cognition, boost the immune system and optimize hormones – you can read more about Jing here. It’s considered a Yang Jing herb, which means it’s energizing and increases drive and motivation.

Studies are starting to back up the traditional claims of Cistanche being a Jing-enhancing herb. Cistanche is hepatoprotective, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, and possesses anti-fatigue effects.

This study found that Cistanche increased sperm count and sperm motility by up to 2.7-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively. “The serum level of progesterone and testosterone in rats was also increased by CTE administration (p < 0.05)… Our results suggest that the increase in sex hormone levels could be mediated by the induction of testicular steroidogenic enzymes.” This is great news for men whose hormone levels are dropping or for those who are looking to have children.

Cistanche may even promote the growth of hair and prevent baldness.

Then there’s the study Cistanches Herba enhances learning and memory by inducing nerve growth factor. It concludes that cistanche “also stimulated NGF secretion in the cortex and hippocampus of the mouse brain at 5 and 20mg/kg/day (3 days, p.o.). Furthermore, CHE increased neuronal cell differentiation, neurite length, and synapse formation in the mouse hippocampus. CHE significantly enhanced learning and memory.. These results suggest that CHE is useful for improving memory function via its action in upregulating NGF.” This translates to a boost in memory and enhanced learning, and I’m not sure I know anyone who wouldn’t want to be smarter and quicker on their feet.

In this study they concluded that “Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that serum containing Herba Cistanches or Herba Epimedii increased the expression of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in injured MES23.5 cells… These findings indicate that Chinese medicines used to tonify the kidney can protect nerve cells by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related factors and neuro-trophic factors in MES23.5 cells.” Again, it’s like steroids for your brain.

What’s interesting is that in the above mentioned study, cistanche and epimedium, two Jing-boosting herbs, increased neurotrophic factors to a substantial degree, even more so than selegiline, a pharmaceutical marketed for cognitive decline. These two herbs are used traditionally for this exact purpose. You can buy quality epimedium here. Fair warning – it’s a very potent aphrodisiac.

This single herb not only delays fatigue and enhances fertility but also enhances memory, learning and improves cognitive function, giving it nootropic properties.

Finally, two companies joined forces with Peking University to study Cistanche, with many interesting results. They found that cistanche increases the body’s production of SOD (one of our most powerful endogenous antioxidants), inhibits hylauronidase and elastase thereby improving the plumpness and appearance of the skin, prevents photo-aging of the skin, increases amounts of neurotransmitters, improves learning and memory, is an aphrodisiac and more.

I can only agree with the above statements in terms of Cistanche’s subjective effects. It’s awesome that I only need one herb to improve mental performance, improve skin quality, increase energy and improve my mood. I don’t mind the uptick in libido either.

I’ve been using Jing Herbs’ Cistanche to good effect in my daily “Jing Drink”, though I’ll probably be trying Dragon Herb’s Desert Cistanche Drops soon.

A Day in the Life

For the sake of transparency and because I like to check out how others approach health, I thought I’d post a normal day in the life for me, focusing on food, supplements and health promoting activities.

Let me be very clear by saying that by no means should everyone be doing this much in their day to day lives in the name of health – and every so often I have days where I don’t do much. It’s also important to note that most health coaches or fitness enthusiasts don’t do quite this much – it just so happens I personally love to experiment and tinker around, and with this regimen I’ve found massive benefits from the supplements and procedures listed below. And while it may sound like a lot, it takes very little time out of my day.

Remember, this is on top of an already very nutritious diet. For the vast majority of us, simply eating right, getting plenty of physical movement, practicing stress reduction and using a supplement or two is plenty in order to improve your health.

A Day in the Life

Wake Up – Anywhere from 7:30 a.m. to 10 a.m. I like to wake up semi-early to get a head start on my day, but some days I’ll just let my body catch up on sleep and wake up naturally.

Upon waking –

Glass of room temp water, mainly because I’m thirsty and because it helps to get the digestive system going
Morning supplements – the standards of which are a half-capsule of highly-absorbable B-Vitamins, Boron and half a teaspoon of magnesium citrate
Morning caffeinated beverage, which is either a half-caff coffee with added L-theanine, or green tea with gynostemma. The caffeine has obvious mental benefits, while the L-theanine, either in supplement form or naturally found in green tea, helps improve focus and enhances the brain’s alpha waves, increasing creativity
Usually a nootropic, or cognitive enhancing substance – I’m currently using oxiracetam, a piracetam derivative that has a little more “kick”. This, combined with the caffeine and L-theanine, provides quite the boost in focus and mental energy

Total Time = 3 minutes

At this point I get to work on my business. In the winter I’ll use a Verilux “Bright Light” to help ward off the winter time blues, and also to help set my circadian rhythm – this is key for everything from energy levels to proper hormone release. The bright light is also quite energizing. I’ll use this light occasionally in the warmer months as well, especially when it’s too hot in the summer to sit outside in the sunlight.

After coffee or tea – A drink of adaptogens and Chinese herbs. These help improve hormone levels, delay aging, boost immune function, improve fertility, and prevent burnout and adrenal fatigue, as well as having a myriad of other benefits.

My current cocktail is centered around increasing Jing, and includes he shou wu, cistanche, ashwagandha, schizandra, shilajit, and cordyceps, as well as a formula called Restore the Jing. Most of these are mixed into one bag, so I just scoop some into warm water and mix.

Substances that increase Jing, a term from Traditional Chinese Medicine roughly translated as “Regenerative Essence”, have been found to improve hormone levels, delay aging, increase mental performance, enhance fertility, bolster the immune system and leave you feeling invincible. They’ve made a huge difference in my energy levels, confidence and ability to just get shit done.

Total Time = 2 minutes

~ 11 or 12 – Work out 5 or 6 days out of the week. Some days I work out fasted, with no food in the stomach, or some days I’ll have a small snack prior.

I make a home made pre-workout beverage that contains Betaine, BCAAs, Beta-Alanine, Creatine, and sometimes L-Glutamine. These all improve performance in the gym, enhancing muscle growth and improving energy levels. Betaine is also a superb liver detoxifier, beta-alanine increases the brain-growing, anti-depressive protein BDNF, and L-glutamine is great for digestive health
Some days I take adaptogenic herbs that specifically improve workouts. It may be rhodiola, cordyceps, a nice Asian ginseng extract, or some combination therein. These don’t have so much of muscle building effects as they do increasing drive and endurance within the gym
My workout may be lifting weights, going trail running, doing sprints in my neighborhood, etc.
Immediately after I workout I down a protein shake with either unsweetened almond milk or grass-fed dairy, whey protein powder, and sometimes some extra BCAAs and L-Glutamine, depending on workout intensity. This helps my muscles recover from the strain I just put on them

Within an hour of my workout – I have my first real meal of the day. It’s usually a big salad with plenty of greens, a protein source, some olive oil and balsamic vinegar, and some source of slow-digesting carbs, such as beans, squash, carrots, etc. Immediately post-workout is known as the “anabolic window”, so food consumed at this time is preferentially used to repair muscle tissue and won’t be stored as fat.

If it’s a “Re-feed Day”, this will be a high carb, high protein meal. Re-feed days help reset my body’s sensitivity to key fat-burning and hunger-controlling hormones, including insulin, leptin and ghrelin, as well as helping to build muscle.

~ 3 times a week – Hyperthermic Conditioning and Cold Thermogenesis – After workouts I’ll sometimes hit the sauna for a good 20 minutes. It’s more than just a way to relax, as saunas

Increase the release of fat-burning, muscle-building Growth Hormone
Resensitize the brain to endorphins
Improve insulin sensitivity
Release Heat Shock Proteins, which have immune-boosting and longevity-enhancing effects,
Help to release stored toxins through sweating
Increase BDNF, a protein that promotes growth of new neurons and protects existing ones, and an increase in which is thought to be responsible for enhanced learning. It’s also a potent anti-depressant

All of this combines to allow my body to easily repair muscle damage from my workout, boost my immune system, improve my mood and cognitive performance from the BDNF, detoxify and possibly enhance longevity, all from just sitting in a warm room for 20 minutes.

I follow this up with an icy cold shower, the combination of which leaves me feeling giddy as a schoolgirl for the rest of the day. Exposure to cold has been shown to

increase the number and output of Brown Adipose Tissue within the body, which is a type of fat that actually burns regular fat for energy when the body gets cold. Yeah that’s right, just get cold and watch the pounds melt off (more on this in a future post)
increase adiponectin, a fat-burning, muscle-building hormone
increase glutathione, our body’s “master antioxidant”
boost the immune system and may extend lifespan
increase norepinephrine levels 5-fold, leading to enhanced energy and mental clarity (and schoolgirl giddiness)

Again, I’m reaping massive benefits by just sitting in a hot box for 20 minutes and following that up with 5-10 minutes of a chilly shower.

~ 12 p.m. on days I don’t work out – First meal of the day, usually a low-carb salad with plenty of greens and a protein source. I also consume high quality fish oils with lunch and dinner.

Additional supplements consumed around lunch time – Vitamins D and K2, as well as Vitamin A extracted from cod liver oil, 4-5 times a week. These are fat-soluble vitamins that have a plethora of effects, ranging from being precursors to hormones (Vitamin D), improving androgen levels and androgen receptor sensitivity (Vitamin A), neuro-protection and neurogenesis (all three) and ensuring that calcium gets deposited in bones and not in soft tissue (all of them, especially K2). You can buy well over a year’s supply of Vitamin D/K2 here.

~ Notice that I don’t have breakfast? I loosely practice Intermittent Fasting (IF), where you allow certain periods of the day to be food-free. Considering I usually have dinner around 7, and don’t eat my first meal till around 12, I’m giving myself 17 hours of fasting each day.

This gives you most of the benefits of real fasting, without the discomfort that sometimes accompanies real fasting (which I also do once every month or two). IF helps to reset your sensitivity to insulin and other hunger-controlling, fat-burning hormones, as well as enhancing autophagy, the process by the which your cells “take out the garbage”, and is another potent inducer of the brain-growing, mood-enhancing protein BDNF.

That said, if I wake up feeling particularly hungry for some reason, I’m not afraid to listen to my body and eat breakfast. It’s important to be regimented and disciplined with your diet, but at the same time you need to give yourself breaks and be balanced.

~ Throughout the day – Multiple cups of green tea and gynostemma. You can either carry some tea bags with you in your car, or brew a big thermos with a few bags of each in the morning.

the combo is a powerful antioxidant one-two punch
the green tea contains EGCG, which helps the body burn fat through multiple pathways
green tea contains small amounts of caffeine as well as L-theanine, which work in concert to improve mental functioning
gynostemma improves insulin sensitivity
gynostemma is adaptogenic, helping the body cope with all the stressors of modern life, and also significantly increases Superoxide Dismutase, or SOD, another of our body’s powerful endogenous anti-oxidants

~ Most days – A serving of greens powders. I’m a big fan of Vitamineral Green as well as Green Vibrance, although sometimes I’ll switch it out and do just spirulina or chlorella. These greens are insanely nutrient dense, helping to fill in the gaps in my diet and bolster my nutrition, which is important considering most food today is nutritionally inferior to what it once was, and because I spend five days a week working out hard and pushing my body. The mixed greens also contain probiotics.

~ Hiking and Yoga – I hike about twice a week, more for personal enjoyment than anything else. But it’s a great way to catch up with friends and as I stated in my previous post on meditation, just being in the woods has been proven to lower stress levels. Yoga is possibly the most healing activity one can do, improving everything from stress levels, hormone levels, depression, fatigue, even boosting the immune system. I aim for 2-3 sessions of yoga a week, each session lasting only 20-30 minutes each.

~ Sometime in the afternoon/evening – a few more adaptogenic/Jing boosting herbs. Usually around this time of day it’s just the use of tinctures and possibly some ashwagandha to help keep cortisol low during my stressful job.

~ Meditation in the evening – Currently 20 minutes a day. The benefits are endless – Read about them in my first and second posts on meditation.

~ Dinner roughly 3 hours before bed – Dinner is almost always lower in carbs, not too big and consumed early, to keep insulin low by the time I go to bed. If you have too much insulin floating around the bloodstream when you put on your night cap, a whole cascade of fat-burning, muscle-building and tissue-repairing hormones won’t be released while you sleep.

Evening supplements 4-5 days a week – One capsule of kelp, mainly for the iodine, which improves thyroid function and detoxifies toxic halogens such as fluoride from the body. Zinc and selenium as well, as both are essential for proper androgen levels, and selenium also helps boost thyroid function, keeping my metabolism buzzing like a caffeinated humming bird. If it’s your first time taking kelp or an iodine supplement, I suggest taking it in the morning as it can provide quite the boost in energy levels.

~ A few hours before bed – Reduce the use of blue light coming from cell phones, computers and tvs. This wave length of light has been found to suppress melatonin release and shift circadian rhythms, pushing them back. You can download a free app called f.lux for your computer and smartphone that gradually tints your screen more and more red as the sun begins to set, blocking blue light.

~ Twice a week 30 minutes prior to bed – A few times a week I hit the hay early (9-10 pm) and use 1.5 – 3 mg of melatonin a half hour prior to bed. Melatonin is the main hormone your body produces to help you fall asleep; it also entrains your circadian rhythm, meaning that when melatonin is consistently produced (or consumed) at the same time, you will naturally and easily fall asleep at this hour.

According to the National Institute of General Medical Sciences,

Circadian rhythms can influence sleep-wake cycles, hormone release, body temperature and other important bodily functions. They have been linked to various sleep disorders, such as insomnia. Abnormal circadian rhythms have also been associated with obesity, diabetes, depression, bipolar disorder and seasonal affective disorder.

Further,

A Harvard study shed a little bit of light on the possible connection to diabetes and possibly obesity. The researchers put 10 people on a schedule that gradually shifted the timing of their circadian rhythms. Their blood sugar levels increased, throwing them into a prediabetic state, and levels of leptin, a hormone that leaves people feeling full after a meal, went down.

In other words, having a properly tuned circadian rhythm is pretty damn important. The use of occasional melatonin along with exposure to a bright light source in the morning, either to outdoor sunlight on a bright day or a Verilux lamp, helps to entrain a healthy circadian rhythm.

The majority of people shouldn’t use melatonin every night however – it is a hormone after all, and if you continuously consume exogenous hormones, your body will stop producing it’s own.

And that about does it. Remember, this is all in the name of experimentation and seeing how far I can take things. I want to see just how much energy and motivation I can have. I’ve tried hundreds of different supplements and protocols in the past, and this is the cream of that crop. I’m sure in the future I’ll be able to narrow this list down even more but in the mean time, this is giving me the best results.

I encourage you to try some of this out and see how it effects your day to day life, and feel free to contact me to get a highly effective, personalized plan.

Fine Tuning Your Biochemistry to Suit Your Needs

What do 90% of Americans do first thing when they wake up in the morning? They get out of bed, go downstairs and reach for some coffee or tea. Why? It gives them energy, motivation, focus and transforms them from grumpy, sleepy zombies into happy little worker bees, buzzing about. This is because of caffeine’s effect on their biochemistry.

Caffeine blocks adenosine in the brain, which is a neurotransmitter that causes sleepiness. Caffeine also causes dopamine to be released, which is responsible for the increase in attention, motivation and improved mood, as well as norepinephrine to be released, which makes you alert and energized. Norepinephrine is also why you’ll find yourself on the john half an hour after your first cup.

Photo fred The Oatmeal and DBG Technologies — Photo cred The Oatmeal and DBG Technologies

Caffeine is just one substance that you can use to alter your biochemistry in a favorable fashion. I’d love to help you learn how to do just that, but first you have to agree that you understand that this is just a website, that I’m not a doctor, and that anything you decide to do because of this article should be checked out with your primary care physician first, especially if you’re on prescription meds or have depression, anxiety or any other mental illness. There are no cures presented here, just ways to help you get the most out of life.

Let’s get on with it.

First, we need to understand a few terms and concepts. A neurotransmitter is a molecule used for communication between neurons in your brain and nervous system, and can be either excitatory, inhibitory, or both.

Excitatory neurotransmitters include

dopamine
epinephrine (adrenalin)
norepinephrine
acetylcholine
PEA
glutamate

Inhibitory neurotransmitters include

GABA
serotonin
melatonin
glycine

Your mood, outlook and energy levels are strongly correlated to the exact ratio and proportions of the neurotransmitters that are active in your brain at any given moment. This means that if you can tweak the levels of your neurotransmitters, you can positively steer your mood and outlook as you see fit.

Don’t overdo it, though. The body is always trying to maintain homeostasis, and increasing one neurotransmitter too much leads to its receptors becoming de-sensitized, and eventually even a loss in those receptors – this is how addiction and withdrawal forms.

Increasing dopamine – Results in increased drive and motivation, increased pleasure gotten out of most activities, and improves mood and confidence. You’ll remember this feeling as the first cup of coffee of the day, having sex, eating delicious food, or engaging in any rewarding activity

Beautiful, beautiful dopamine. My favorite neurotransmitter. This is responsible for the buzz or high coming from caffeine, cocaine, adderall and other ADHD meds, as well as the more subtle “high” to be achieved from completing rewarding tasks. Go hike a mountain, and when you reach the summit, drink deep from the springs of dopamine.

There are two methods you want to utilize to enhance dopamine, the first of which is making use of long term supplements and strategies to resensitize and increase dopamine receptors. This will have the net effect of causing you to be more motivated, energetic, confident and focused, as well as receiving more pleasure out of most actives, without having to take any substance. It will also enhance the effects of short-term dopaminergics, making them more effective.

You can simply have a few cups of gynostemma tea, an adaptogenic herb from China, to resensitize your dopamine neurons. Inositol works as well, but I find it easier to simply drink a few cups of tea. On top of this, cut back on activities that deplete dopamine – things like constantly texting, checking Facebook and other social media, drinking too much alcohol or coffee, or any other semi-addictive behavior.

Both intense physical exercise as well as fasting are perhaps the strongest methods to re-sensitize the brain to dopamine, and act as a “reboot” for the brain in general. If you aren’t getting regular exercise we need to sit down and have a serious talk, and I strongly advise fasting at least a full day once a month.

Remember, these are long term strategies, and while you may notice benefits within a week or two, it’s ideally something you’d continue to do throughout life.

You can also use occasional supplements to increase the body’s production of dopamine, in much the same way you can use coffee as a morning or mid-afternoon pick me up. L-Tyrosine has been my go-to dopaminergic substance, as it is easily converted into dopamine within the body.

You can also use DL-Phenylalanine, as some of the Phenylalanine will be converted into L-Tyrosine and thus dopamine, and some of it will be converted into PEA, a feel-good neurotransmitter that some have dubbed the “love chemical”. You can also get hefty doses of PEA and the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (ananda = bliss in Sanskrit), from cacao, either in powder form or in a very dark chocolate bar. Both are very potent mood-boosting compounds.

Further, dopamine can be converted into epinephrine and norepinephrine, two more neurotransmitters that increase energy and alertness.

Have a serious coffee addiction? Try cutting the amount of coffee you consume in half, and use a bit of L-Tyrosine or Phenylalanine for a synergistic energy boost. Both work well any time you need a pick-me-up or need the extra focus and attention. Use anywhere from 100 to 1000 mg, at once or split evenly in 3 doses throughout the day. Take note that those on prescription MAOIs, those with hypertension or those with Phenylketonuria should not take tyrosine or phenylalanine.

GABA – An increase in GABA results in feeling relaxed and at ease. Prescription anti-anxiety meds act on GABA receptors in the brain. That relaxing feeling you get after drinking a nice glass of wine is due to alcohol releasing GABA within the brain.

GABA, which stands for gamma-aminobutyric acid, is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter within the brain. GABA produces a nice relaxed feeling, and is involved in decreasing stress and calming the brain enough to fall asleep.

Increasing GABA is especially useful for those who are stressed or suffer from anxiety. Instead of taking pharmaceutical drugs, why not just try to increase the body’s own production of GABA?

According to this study, performing one hour of yoga resulted in an average of 27% increase in GABA levels, which is huge.

One of the best ways to relieve anxiety is by using ashwagandha, one of my favorite Ayurvedic herbs. It’s been found to a be a potent GABA-mimetic, mimicking the effects of GABA without actually changing brain levels of the neurotransmitter. Perhaps even more beneficial is it’s rejuvenating effect on the brain –

Ashwagandha, its constituents and the metabolites of its constituents promote the growth of nerves after taking it for 7 days… It has anxiolytic effect [relieves anxiety] and improves energy levels and mitochondrial health.

Ashwagandha also has a unique ability to lower the stress hormone cortisol. A 2008 double blind, placebo controlled study showed that, “Over a 60-day period, doses ranging from 125 mg to 500 mg daily of a patented ashwagandha extract (Sensoril®) significantly improved scores on a standardized measurement of stress intensity, and also favorably modulated several biomarkers… Moreover, at the end of the study period subjects that received 500 mg of ashwagandha daily had cortisol levels nearly 30% lower than subjects who took a placebo, and their DHEA-s levels were significantly higher as well.”

I recommend this ashwagandha product, which contains 250 mg of the patented ashwagandha extract Sensoril used in the study above. It’s 10 bucks, you have no excuse.

Another excellent choice for reducing anxiety and inducing a sense of calm is L-Theanine, a rare amino-acid like compound found only in green tea.

The most cliched picture of green tea I could find. — The most cliche picture of green tea I could find

Straight from the LEF website, L-Theanine, “has traditionally been used to enhance relaxation and improve concentration and learning ability (Vuong 2011; Wakabayashi 2011; Nathan 2006).

L-theanine is chemically related to the neurotransmitter glutamate, and binds to glutamate receptors in the brain (Cho 2008). Unlike glutamate, however, which can cause a state called excitotoxicity that can destroy nerve cells, L-theanine protects brain cells against excitotoxicity, calming the nerve networks in the brain (Kakuda 2002; Nagasawa 2004; Di 2010).

L-theanine reduces evidence of anxiety and depression in several different animal models of stress (Yin 2011; Heese 2009). In one animal model, L-theanine led to decreases in nearly all frequencies of brainwave activity, indicating a state of calmness and relaxation (Dimpfel 2007).

In one study, healthy subjects took a soft drink containing green tea enriched with L-theanine while their brainwave power was measured (Dimpfel 2007). Power was initially reduced in all frequencies and areas during the first hour, indicating relaxation. Later changes indicated both an increase in mental performance and a higher degree of relaxation. In this case, L-theanine seemed to produce desirable increases in attention, accompanied by durable relaxation—that means subjects could concentrate better without being distracted by anxiety.

A third trial concluded that L-theanine plays a general role in sustaining attention during a long-term difficult task (Gomez-Ramirez 2009).”

L-Theanine has such wide-ranging and strong effects because it increases brain levels of GABA, Dopamine and Serotonin, as well as having affinities for a few other receptors involved in attention and cognition.

As I commented on in my post about A Few Effective Biohacks, combining L-Theanine with caffeine is a powerful brain boosting combo – all the benefits of increased attention, mood and energy from the caffeine, as well as the neuroprotective and zen-like focus from L-Theanine. Some people recommend a dosage of 2:1 L-theanine to caffeine ratio, but I get better effects from a 1:1 ratio. You can play around with the doses and see what works best for you.

You can supplement with straight L-Theanine, or you can consume matcha green tea, which has high levels of L-Theanine, more caffeine than regular green tea, as well substantially more EGCG, the potent anti-cancer, fat-burning antioxidant.

Serotonin – Serotonin is responsible for feelings of relaxation, as well helping to curb hunger, improve mood and help with sleeping patterns. You know that warm, happy, comfortable feeling you get after eating a large bowl of ice cream or anything sugary? That’s serotonin.

I’m personally not a big fan of trying to increase serotonin. While I like dopamine’s mood- and energy-boosting effects, and GABA is useful for focus or relaxing, serotonin makes me feel dopey and lazy. Everyone’s different however, and many people do benefit from a little boost in serotonin, so I don’t want to leave it out.

Serotonin is the neurotransmitter targeted by most anti-depressants, but considering up to 50% of people don’t respond to these anti-depressants, I wouldn’t be quick to claim serotonin is the “happiness” neurotransmitter. That said, if you’re on anti-depressants or taking any MAOIs, don’t try to supplement with any extra serotonin, and nobody should take huge doses of serotonin supplements (or any other supplements) as it can lead to serotonin syndrome.

The reason sugar leads to a serotonin buzz is because the insulin released from consuming sugar sweeps most other amino acids out of the blood stream, but leaves behind tryptophan. Tryptophan then makes its way to the brain unimpeded by other amino acids, where it is first converted in 5-HTP, and then into 5-HT, or serotonin.

While you can supplement with 5-HTP, I suggest you don’t as there is concern about it affecting the heart, and instead simply eat more carbs or supplement with tryptophan.

Acetylcholine – While being a very important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine doesn’t have much of a “feeling” or affect your mood. It is extremely important for memory and learning, however, and may be involved in creativity.

This is the neurotransmitter you want to focus on if you have a lot of studying to do, if you’re trying to learn something quick, or if you just have bad memory. Many people who use nootropics, or cognitive enhancers, have at least one supplement that tries to increase levels of acetylcholine within the brain.

To increase acetylcholine, you can simply consume more choline – the best food sources are liver (just eat it), eggs, grass-fed milk and cheese products, peanuts and cruciferous veggies. You can also supplement with choline – Alpha GPC is a highly bioavailable source of choline, or you can use Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR), which can increase levels of acetylcholine by donating its acetyl group. ALCAR has a whole host of other benefits as well, including being a potent neural antioxidant, helping the mitochondria to burn fat for energy, and is a strong cognitive enhancer in its own right.

In conclusion, many people are unaware that you can tweak your biochemistry to get an edge in life, or just to help you unwind or handle stressful events calmly. This knowledge can make a huge difference in your life and your ability to get things done.

Supplements Everyone Can Benefit From, Pt. 2

In case you missed it, here’s the first post.

In a perfect world we wouldn’t need to consume supplements – everything would taste like pizza while being super healthy. Unfortunately, this is not the case.

Omega 3s – Control inflammation, improve joint function, lower weight, improve heart health, ward off depression and improve the quality of your skin

It’s starting to seem very likely that the root cause of modern day chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, depression, Alzheimer’s, atherosclerosis and more, is inflammation.

Inflammation is an important and beneficial process within the human body, helping to heal the body from infection, wounds and other sorts of damage. This is all well and good unless the inflammatory process goes into overdrive, which is all too often the case in today’s world and largely due to overconsumption of Omega-6 fatty acids and consuming too few Omega 3s.

As you can see from the image above, sources of Omega 6 fatty acids, mainly vegetable oils, lead to the production of pro-inflammatory compounds, an excess of which can start to wreak havoc on the body. GLA is an Omega 6 fatty acid that is actually anti-inflammatory (and very beneficial for the skin and hair), but be aware that GLA can be converted first to DGLA and then AA, which is pro-inflammatory, so don’t assume that simply supplementing with foods high in GLA is wholly beneficial. It’s important to note that most restaurants use corn and soy oils for frying and cooking, and that they’re also ubiquitous in processed, packaged food. Further, the majority of meat, eggs and dairy sold in stores and restaurants come from animals fed corn and soy products, so they too are high in Omega 6s. In short, Omega 6 fatty acids are everywhere.

Omega 3 fatty acids, on the other hand, are entirely anti-inflammatory. Some plants such as flax, walnuts, chia seeds, hemp seeds and dark leafy greens are good sources of ALA, which can further be converted into EPA, and then DHA. These all have anti-inflammatory effects.

Meat, dairy and eggs are pro-inflammatory if they are conventionally raised and fed corn and soy based foods – if they’re free-range and grass-fed, they have a much more natural balance of Omega 3s to 6s. Meat, eggs and dairy from grass-fed and pasture-raised animals still contain the inflammatory Omega 6 Arachidonic Acid, but it is balanced out by Omega 3s.

And that’s what’s important – the proper balance between Omega 3s and 6s.

Change in Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratios over Time

Human Population	Ratio	Diet Features
Hunter-gatherers (400,000 to 45,000 years ago)	1:1	Wild plants, animals, and fish
Western cultures at onset of Industrial Revolution (150 years ago)	8.4:1	Greatly increased vegetable oils along with animals raised on cereal grains
Present-day Western cultures (70 years ago)	10.3:1	Increased fats, oils, vegetables, and nuts

Source: Kris-Etherton et al. 2000.

As you can see, our diet consisted of a (likely) 1:1 ratio of Omega 6s to 3s for the majority of our existence. Nowadays most people average 10 times as many pro-inflammatory Omega 6 fatty acids in their diet than anti-inflammatory Omega 3s, with some estimates as high as 15:1. Is it really any wonder why we’re seeing such widespread occurrences of inflammation-related diseases?

Omega 3s also improve cardiovascular health and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as ensuring proper nervous system and brain development in infants. There’s also quite a bit of evidence that Omega 3s improve depression, skin conditions and cognition in general.

In order to get back to a healthy balance of Omega 3s to 6s, simply cut out consumption of vegetable oils – check labels on food products for corn, soy, safflower, peanut, sunflower and grapeseed oils, as well as avoiding margarine, mayonnaise and almost every salad dressing out there. Make your own mayonnaise, and use olive oil as the base for your homemade salad dressings. You’d do well to remember that most restaurants cook with these cheap vegetable oils to cut costs and also use them in salad dressings – the occasional serving of french fries won’t kill ya, but it’s something to keep in mind.

At the same time, increase consumption of Omega 3s coming from cold water fatty fish – mackerel, tuna, salmon, sardines and cod – and from plant sources such as hemp seeds, chia seeds, flax seeds, walnuts and leafy greens. As I noted in my post for Vegans and Vegetarians, the plant-based Omega 3 ALA has quite the difficult time converting into DHA within the body, which is critical for proper brain development and warding off depression, so don’t rely on just plants for your Omega 3s. You can also choose to supplement (I do) with a quality cod liver or fish oil supplement, but make sure it’s high quality, is cold-temperature extracted and comes with antioxidants to protect the delicate Omega 3s. Barlean’s makes a fish oil “swirl” that is insanely delicious, and there’s also algae-based DHA is that is vegan friendly.

Iodine – Boost metabolism, improve thyroid function, ensure healthy fetal development, boost energy and motivation, detox at the cellular level and improve endocrine functioning

Iodine is definitely in my top 10 if not top 5 nutrients I wouldn’t want to be without.

Let me start by saying no, you are not getting adequate iodine from your table salt. The potassium iodide added to refined table salt does not come close to the amount needed by the human body, but is just barely enough to prevent goiter. Much of the iodine evaporates during storage, and what little is left when you do consume it has to compete for absorption with the chloride in sodium chloride, or table salt.

The Great Goblin from The Hobbit could use some iodine. — The Great Goblin from The Hobbit could use some iodine, look at that goiter..

Further, while we used to get some iodine from our food, there’s very little left in today’s over-farmed, nutrient-depleted soils, and thus in the foods we eat.

Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. This is really bad news if you’re trying to lose weight and have ample amounts of energy, as the thyroid is the main gland in the endocrine system responsible for controlling metabolism. No iodine, no thyroid hormones.

Iodine is a type of molecule known as a halogen. Other halogens include fluoride and bromide, both of which interfere with the body’s absorption and utilization of iodine. Bromide is found in most breads and refined grain products, and fluoride is in the majority of the US’s water supply and in most toothpastes. These other halogens fit into the same receptors as iodine would, blocking it from doing it’s job. The good news is that consuming iodine-rich foods is an effective way, and some say only way, to detox excess fluoride and bromide.

According to this article, “Dr. Kenezy Gyula Korhaz states that iodine chelates heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium and aluminum and halogens such as fluoride and bromide, thus decreasing their iodine inhibiting effects, especially of the halogens.” Chelation is the process by which a molecule binds to a toxic substance and draws it out of the body.

Iodine is also pretty damn important for the brain and nervous system. The chapter Soils and Iodine Deficiency from the textbook Essentials of Medical Geology (exciting stuff huh?) states

However, while these two diseases are easily recognizable, perhaps the more insidious problem is that iodine deficiency impairs brain development in children even when there is no obvious physical effect. Many researchers have suggested that a relatively low degree of iodine deficiency during fetal development can result in a significant reduction of IQ in children. Indeed it has been suggested that iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation.

Clearly iodine is of prime importance, not just to fetuses (feti?) but to the neuronal health of everyone.

Iodine is also critical to proper dopamine production and utilization. I talk about dopamine quite a bit because it’s crucial for proper levels of motivation and experiencing pleasure, two things that at least I personally never want to be short on. As I already stated, iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. If the thyroid isn’t producing enough of these thyroid hormones, the hypothalamus produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which in turn releases thyroid-stimulating hormone as well as prolactin. Prolactin is antagonistic to dopamine, and thus low iodine results in low dopamine, leaving you feeling unmotivated and getting very little pleasure out of life, even in the presence of sex, drugs and rock and roll. Interestingly, this is also the reason guys experience a “refractory period” after sex, and why it’s the best time to cuddle – cuz you’re high on prolactin.

The pineal gland is a tiny endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, shaped like a pine cone the size of a grain of rice. It produces melatonin, a hormone that helps you fall asleep, sets circadian rhythms, and is a powerful antioxidant that is anticancer and promotes neurogenesis. In short, the pineal gland, along with melatonin, are pretty important.

Unfortunately, your pineal gland is likely calcified.

The above is an image of the calcified pineal gland, in a two-day old, no less. The overconsumption of fluoride from water, toothpastes and mouthwashes causes it’s accumulation in the pineal gland. This impairs the pineal gland’s ability to set circadian rhythms and convert serotonin into melatonin. It’s even been found that a calcified pineal gland worsens one’s sense of direction. Again, the only way to detoxify the body from halogens such as fluoride is by consuming adequate amounts of iodine. Some Vitamin K2 will also probably help remove calcium deposits from the pineal gland, but this is just a hunch.

There’s one reliably good source of iodine – seaweeds. Hijiki, kelp, kombu, dulse, nori and others are concentrated sources of nutrients, especially iodine. I simply buy these Kelp flakes and shake them onto most of my meals – a quarter teaspoon provides plenty of iodine and you won’t taste a thing. Most wild-caught seafood also has a fair amount of iodine. Increase your consumption of iodine-rich foods slowly, as some can experience detox symptoms pretty quickly.

If you’re looking for fluoride free toothpaste, I use this brand, but you can also likely find different varieties at your local health food store.

Important note for those with thyroid disorders – if you’re going to be consuming iodine-rich foods, talk to your primary care physician first. Iodine will likely help but may interact with your thyroid medication.

By the way, the fluoride in your water and toothpaste is a waste-product of fertilizer companies, and likely doesn’t even protect your teeth from cavities.

“By recovering by-product fluosilicic acid from fertilizer manufacturing, water and air pollution are minimized, and water authorities have a low-cost source of fluoride available to them.” (Rebecca Hanmer, EPA, 1983)

Bone Broth – Heal your digestive system, improve your skin and hair, detox your liver, bolster your joints, improve your sleep, reduce inflammation, boost the immune system

More a food than supplement, bone broth is one of the best things you could spend time making and consuming. Bone broth is my very top pick for improving your skin and hair, for improving your digestive system, and improving the quality of your joints. On top of this, it boosts your immune system, detoxes your liver, improves sleep and reduces inflammation. Oh yeah, and it’s pretty damn tasty. All this from just boiling some bones in water.

Think that sounds gross? Remember that in France, no kitchen is considered complete with a pot of “stock”, or bone broth, quietly boiling in the corner. Have you had French cuisine? Delicious.

Bone broth is a “hydrophilic colloid” – a substance that attracts and holds different substances, in our case minerals and digestive juices. Because it attracts digestive juices and enzymes, it bolsters out digestive power, making meals easier to digest. It’s also chock full of minerals phosphorus, silicon, calcium and magnesium, in the exact ratios our bodies need, helping to build up our bone tissue.

Bone broth is also extremely rich in easy to absorb collagen, which has numerous benefits within the body. Most importantly, collagen helps to “seal and heal” the mucosal lining of our intestinal tract, a boon for people with Crohn’s disease, leaky gut syndrome as well as your average Joe. As you already know, a properly functioning gut is the foundation of vibrant health.

Collagen is a main component of connective tissues, such as skin, joints and hair. The reason an 18 year old girl has beautiful skin compared to an 80 year old woman is because the 18 year old still has healthy levels of collagen, which helps give skin lift. Why do Asian and French women have such beautiful skin? Both diets use a lot of bone broths or “stock”, which are the base for many of the sauces in these diets. Less collagen means skin is more prone to wrinkles, sagging and cellulite. Don’t want saggy skin, wrinkles or cellulite? Hope you’re consuming some source of collagen.

Collagen is extremely rich in two amino acids that are sorely lacking from the modern diet : glycine and proline. While proline’s main benefit is enhancing “youthful, non-sagging skin”, glycine is necessary for the production of glutathione, our body’s “master antioxidant”. Glutathione

is a powerful antioxidant
has the ability to regenerate other antioxidants – after an antioxidant gets used, it becomes inert, or worse, an oxidant itself
helps to detoxify the liver and kidneys
reduces “photo-aging” of the skin, and reduces build up of melanin
boosts the immune system
helps prevent cancer
attracts and eliminates toxins from the body

Glycine itself helps to detoxify the liver, improves sleep and anxiety, enhances the secretion of digestive juices, helps heal wounds, and is necessary for the synthesis of DNA and RNA.

Bone broth is replete with joint repair substances as well, namely glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). You may know a few of these by name – glucosamine and chondroitan. These are sold in pill form to help relieve pain in the joints of those with rheumatoid arthritis. Another is hyaluronic acid, a popular ingredient in facial creams and skin care products. Hyaluronic acid is one of the best ways to give skin extra lift and smoothness, as well as to help it retain moisture.

Best of all, bone broth is simple to make. Go to your local co-op or health food store and ask the meat department if they have any soup or marrow bones. You can also throw in knuckle and neck bones, as well as chicken feet (wash ’em first) as they’re extremely rich in gelatin. Buy a few pounds of bones and throw them in the crockpot with some water and a tablespoon or two of vinegar, letting them simmer one day for chicken bones or two days for beef bones. At the last hour you can add onions, carrots and celery to give the broth some extra flavor, and then just strain and enjoy.

It may gel up when you put it in the fridge – this is normal and actually a good sign that a lot of collagen has dissolved into the broth.

You can use bone broth as the base for soups, you can drink it with a little salt and pepper (works great for people who do intermittent fasting), or you can boil some of it down to make a delicious reduction. Have a little before or with meals to aid in digestion.

You can buy collagen from grass fed sources, glucosamine and chondroitan, as well as hyaluronic acid, but why spend all that money? Bone broth will cost you $10 tops, and is mighty tasty.

Supplements Everyone Can Benefit From, Pt. 1

A lot of people think that given today’s nutritionally poor food, combined with mineral depleted soils, that it isn’t possible to meet all of your nutritional needs through food alone. The truth is that we most certainly can get all the nutrients we need in our diet, but you have to be willing to go out of your way to consume plenty of seafood, seaweeds, dark leafy greens, organ meats and fermented foods – things that in America and many parts of the western world aren’t exactly common place.

Luckily we live in a time and place where we can easily buy a few supplements to fill in the gaps. Of course, this doesn’t mean we should eat foods that completely lack nutrition – one should still maintain a healthy diet, exercise regimen and practice stress reduction if you want to look and feel great.

So without further ado, here are a few supplements almost everyone should be taking.

Vitamin D – Boost immune function, improve cognition, improve hormonal status and bone health, fight off depression

Vitamin D is not just a vitamin, but an important hormone that has a plethora of uses within the body – it helps the body absorb and utilize calcium, magnesium and zinc, boosts the immune system, and affects more than 2000 genes! This means that if you aren’t getting adequate Vitamin D, you’re not functioning properly at the genetic level, which can lead to many problems down the road.

dna-genes-1405932776 — Your Genes on Vitamin D

Vitamin D is also an important neurosteroid, up-regulating amounts of Nerve Growth Factor within the brain and central nervous system, which helps to repair damaged neurons and even to grow new ones. This has implications for learning, memory and even depression, as there is a strong correlation between low levels of neurotrophic factors (of which NGF is but one) and depression. It’s estimated that 1 billion people are deficient in Vitamin D, and it seems to be that the lower the levels of Vitamin D, the worse the depression.

How much Vitamin D do we really need? Recent research is suggesting that the current RDA of Vitamin D – 600 IU for ages 1-70, and 800 IU for 70 and up – is far too low. It’s best to shoot for blood levels of around 50 ng/dl of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, something you’ll have to get your doctor to test for. Aim to ingest 2000 IUs of Vitamin D on days you aren’t getting sun exposure. I personally use this brand, as it gives well over a year’s supply and is mixed with the next supplement on the list, Vitamin K2. Vitamin D also needs to be balanced with Vitamin A – as I stated in my post for vegans and vegetarians, vegetables are unfortunately a poor source of true Vitamin A, so if you aren’t willing to consume plenty of liver, cod liver oil, or eggs from pasture raised hens, I’d use this Vitamin A supplement if you aren’t vegan, and this one if you are, one pill every other day.

Bottom Line – Vitamin D may improve your mood, decrease the likelihood of you getting sick, improve the expression of positive genes while silencing ones that can cause disease, and even help you remain mentally sharp.

Vitamin K2 – Essential for Bone Health, Prevention of Calcium Deposits in Soft Tissues and Improving Hormone Status

Vitamin K1 is ample in the diet, and most people know that it plays an important role in blood clotting. Few people have heard about Vitamin K2 however, and it’s much harder to come by in the diet, only being present in fermented foods or foods coming from grass fed animals.

Vitamin K2 is a critical factor in the process of calcium utilization – more precisely, it makes sure that the calcium you do consume goes where it’s supposed to – mainly in the bones, and not in the arteries, kidneys (kidney stones) or other organs.

Therefore Vitamin K2 is crucial in preventing atherosclerosis, or the hardening of the arteries. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between Vitamin K2 levels and atherosclerosis. It may further prevent cancer, improves insulin sensitivity, and improve prostate health.

As stated earlier, Vitamin K2 is solely a product of fermentation – without bacteria, there would be no K2. The best source is a Japanese dish called natto, a rather stinky smelling food made out of fermented soybeans.

Other sources include certain aged cheeses from grass fed animals, especially gouda, as well as other dairy products from grass fed animals, especially fermented ones such as yogurt, lassi and kefir, eggs from free ranging hens, and organ meats from healthy, free range animals. All of the K2 present in these animal foods are produced by the healthy bacteria in the animals’ guts, which finally make their way into the organs, eggs, meat and milk of the animal. Most fermented vegetable dishes contain K2 as well – sauerkraut, kim chi, unpasteurized pickles and miso should all have some K2, and be sure to consume them with some fat as K2 is a fat-soluble vitamin.

Don’t like fermented foods? You should really work on developing your palate, but in the mean time don’t hesitate to use the Vitamin D/K2 supplement listed above – I make sure to consume plenty of fermented foods but choose to supplement as well. Scientists are still debating how much K2 we should be getting, but a good recommendation is anywhere from 200 to 1,000 micrograms a day – two drops of the Thorne Vitamin D/K2 supplement is 200 micrograms.

Bottom Line – Vitamin K2 helps prevent osteoporosis, prevents atherosclerosis, improves insulin sensitivity and may even improve prostate health

Magnesium – Important for Bone Mineralization, a Healthy Relaxation Response, Improved Hormonal Status and Improves Drive and Motivation

Ahh, magnesium.. Easily one of most crucial minerals to get, yet so few of us are – only 25% or so of Americans are getting adequate amounts of magnesium.

“Magnesium is involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in your body. It affects everything from your heartbeat to your muscles to your hormones,” – Dr. Danine Fruge, Associate Medical Director at the Pritikin Longevity Center in Miami, Florida.

Feeling stressed? Rundown? Are you overweight? Achey, especially after workouts? Do you have restless leg syndrome, or worry about osteoporosis? Having difficulty focusing or staying motivated? You may be one of many who are deficient in magnesium.

Magnesium is another critical nutrient for bone health – magnesium is required to activate Vitamin D into its active form, to allow calcium to find it’s way to the bones. In fact magnesium is required for all of the enzymes involved in Vitamin D metabolism.

Feeling stressed? “Mg deficiency, even when mild, increases susceptibility to various types of neurologic and psychological stressors in rodents, healthy human subjects and diverse groups of patients. Repletion of deficiency reverses this increased stress sensitivity, and pharmacologic loading of Mg salts orally or parenterally induces resistance to neuropsychologic stressors.” In English, this means having adequate levels of magnesium buffers you to feelings of stress. Magnesium is crucial to the relaxation response, helping your muscles and nervous system to relax.

Magnesium has been shown to increase learning and memory, especially the form Magnesium-L-Threonate.

Turns out that dopamine, that wonderful little neurotransmitter that is involved in motivation and feeling pleasure, is a magnesium-dependent molecule :

“Dopamine has been called the ‘pleasure neurotransmitter’ and evidence shows that dopamine is a magnesium-dependent neurotransmitter. It is possible that low levels of magnesium trigger low levels in dopamine in the brain.”

Magnesium also improves hormone status, at least in middle aged men. This study concludes :

In a cohort of older men, magnesium levels are strongly and independently associated with the anabolic hormones testosterone and IGF-1.

This is great news, as we’ve seen national levels of testosterone plummet, likely due to xenoestrogens in the environment, and is also beneficial because these hormones decline with age. Please note that magnesium supplementation brought these hormones back into a healthy range. Magnesium is not a steroid and won’t make any of you ladies grow a beard.

Soda, caffeine, alcohol, refined grains and sugary foods, as well as stress, intense exercise and sweating all increase the need for magnesium.

The Recommended Daily Amount is around 400 mg, but remember, you may need more depending on how much you exercise, how stressed you are or how poor your diet is.

Magnesium is found most abundantly in pumpkin seeds, dark chocolate and raw cacao, bone broth and dark leafy green vegetables. At the center of every molecule of chlorophyl in plants is a magnesium ion, so the greener the plant, the more magnesium-rich it is.

It can still be difficult to ingest adequate amounts daily, especially if you’re stressed or exercising regularly, and for this reason it’s wise to supplement with magnesium in addition to eating magnesium-rich foods. Magnesium citrate is a great choice that is cheap and has the added benefit of helping improve digestion. Two rounded teaspoons is just short of 400 mg – I’d suggest consuming two teaspoons in times of stress or if you don’t have a healthy diet, or one teaspoon if you eat plenty of magnesium rich foods.

Bottom Line – Magnesium improves bone health, reduces stress, calms the brain and improves alertness, improves the functioning of the motivation and pleasure molecule dopamine, improves hormonal status, can help with constipation and may even improve learning and memory.

Stay tuned for the rest of the list of supplements everyone should probably be using, leave a comment if you have any questions, and contact me to learn more about how to fit all this together and taking it to the next level.